S Piped Supply Systems

Contents

S1 WATER SUPPLY
S10 Cold Water
S12 Hot And Cold Water (Small Scale)
S13 Pressurised Water
S14 Irrigation
S2 TREATED ON SITE WATER SUPPLY
S20 Treated/Deionised/Distilled Water
S21 Swimming Pool Water Treatment
S3 GAS SUPPLY
S5 OTHER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
S51 Steam
S7 FIRE FIGHTING - GAS/FOAM
S70 Gas Fire Fighting

S10 Cold Water

CONSIDER:
• The cost benefits and the disadvantages of not connecting to the mains.
• Design as necessary for low water use appliances e.g. aerated taps.
• Low flush toilets below 6 litres and as low as 1 litre.
• Dual flush toilets under 9 litres with double flush.
• Also consider water flow reducing valves and isolators at all taps, showers, etc.

TAPS:
• Taps offer opportunities for reducing water demand.
• Proximity detection taps will only operate when hands are present and because there are no taps to turn on, soap residues on taps they do not need cleaning so frequently or extensively.
• Aerated taps use considerably less water whilst not appearing to do so.
• Water reducing valves can be fitted to all appliances to reduce high mains pressure to an appropriate flow, so when a tap is open full bore the water is sufficient to rinse hands rather than fill a bath.
• Two stage taps can offer low flow in first position and high flow in second position.
• Water reducing/isolating valves can be fitted to all appliances to reduce waste when systems would otherwise need to be drained for maintenance.

TOILETS AND BASINS:
• One of the less important functions of the building is to provide toilet facilities as people arrive and before they depart. The number of toilet flushes and wash hand basin uses from 1,000,000 visitors per annum is substantial.
• The volume of saved water achievable will be substantial and numerous opportunities arise.
• Metered water supplies offer opportunities to save money.

AVOID:
• Overnight water flushing on an automatic urinal flushing system must be avoided.
• Taps that can be left running.
• Taps running at full-bore and full-pressure if not required.

S12 Hot And Cold Water (Small Scale)

CONSIDER:
• Above all else reduce demand before sourcing more
• The cost benefits and the disadvantages of not connecting to the mains.
• Design as necessary for low water use appliances e.g. aerated taps.
• Low flush toilets below 6 litres and as low as 1 litre.
• Dual flush toilets under 9 litres with double flush.
• Also consider water flow reducing valves and isolators at all taps, showers, etc.

TAPS:
• Taps offer opportunities for reducing water demand.
• Proximity detection taps will only operate when hands are present and because there are no taps to turn on, soap residues on taps they do not need cleaning so frequently or extensively.
• Aerated taps use considerably less water whilst not appearing to do so.
• Water reducing valves can be fitted to all appliances to reduce high mains pressure to an appropriate flow, so when a tap is open full bore the water is sufficient to rinse hands rather than fill a bath.
• Two stage taps can offer low flow in first position and high flow in second position.
• Water reducing/isolating valves can be fitted to all appliances to reduce waste when systems would otherwise need to be drained for maintenance.

TOILETS AND BASINS:
• One of the less important functions of the building is to provide toilet facilities as people arrive and before they depart. The number of toilet flushes and wash hand basin uses from 1,000,000 visitors per annum is substantial.
• The volume of saved water achievable will be substantial and numerous opportunities arise.
• Metered water supplies offer opportunities to save money.

S13 Pressurised Water

AVOID:
• Taps that require pressurised water, electrical pumps should be avoided.

S14 Irrigation

CONSIDER:
• Drip feed pipelines in planting.

AVOID:
• Sprinklers in gardens.

S20 Treated/Deionised/Distilled Water

CONSIDER:
• Demineralised water for façade cleaning, window and roof cleaning, they suck dirt and other materials into solution and are very effective at keeping paints and finishes looking good and less likely to attract premature repainting or redecoration.

S21 Swimming Pool Water Treatment

AVOID:
• Chlorine, Ozone Depletion Potential is high.

S3 Gas Supply

AVOID:
• Using gas supply to generate electricity via steam and cooling towers.

S51 Steam

CONSIDER:
• Use of CHP for steam generation.

AVOID:
• Cooling towers which can loose 75% of the energy generated from the fuel.

RECYCLE:
• All hot water but not via cooling towers .

S70 Gas Fire Fighting

AVOID:
• Ozone Depletion Potential and Global Warming Potential gases
- CFC, HCFC, HFC, HFA
- Carbon Dioxide