C10 Site survey

CONSIDER:
TREES:
• Structural Engineer to survey trees to be felled for potential use as structural sections.
• Constructor to survey trees to be felled for potential uses in carpentry, joinery or landscape features or sculpture.
• Survey trees to be felled for potential uses in saleable commodities.
• Constructor or joinery subcontractor to arrange for trunks to be machined for seasoning on site
If insufficient durability then seasoning and preservative treatment may be off site.

REDUCE:
• Can the trees be chipped and used as mulch?
• Leaves and new growth: can any be composted?
• Can the trees be a source for biofuel?

RECYCLE:
• Can the Employer (Client) make use of the wood from any trees to be removed?

C11 Ground investigation

CONSIDER:
• Services Engineer to consider existing supply and disposal services concerning modifications to pavements, paths and car parking.
• Make use of existing drains with least modification possible.
• Use existing supply and disposal services to existing and any redundant buildings.

C12 Underground services survey

C13 Building fabric survey

DEMOLITION v DECONSTRUCTION
• Pre-demolition audit to identify useful materials for your project and for other projects by you or others.
• Post the pre-demolition audit on an appropriate website.
• Accommodate visitors and allow for advance reservation or order of materials.
• UK Architectural Salvage industry salvages 3 m tonnes/year:
- Stone walling 1083 k tonnes
- Clay/Stone paving 672 k tonnes
- Clay bricks 443 k tonnes
- Timber 371 k tonnes
- Clay roof tiles 306 k tonnes
- Timber beams 133 k tonnes
- Floor boards 101 k tonnes
- Antique stone 90 k tonnes
- Iron & Steel 90 k tonnes
- Antique timber 29 k tonnes

REUSE:
• Can bricks be salvaged?
• Is there a use for them in the project?
• If not can the Employer make use of them as bricks?
RECYCLE:
• If not are they suitable for recycling:
• Crushed as Hardcore?
• Crushed further as mulch/gravel/landscape topping?
• Crushed further as fine gravel paving?
• Crushed for soil substitute or drainage layer?
• Architect to consider other materials in the same way
See C20

CONSIDER:
• Architect to consider brickwork: is it lime mortar?

C14 Building services survey

CONSIDER:
• Reuse of equipment in other buildings.
• Beware of old inefficient equipment.
• Services Engineer to consider existing supply and disposal services entering building for extension to new building.
• Make use of existing services with least modification possible.
• Identify and protect during demolition.
• Salvage any services or appliances for Employer's use on estate.
• Identify materials for salvaging e.g. Copper, Stainless steel, steel. etc.

C20 Demolishing structures

RECLAIM AND REUSE:
• 15.0 m tonnes (21% of 90 m. tonnes/year) mixed C&D waste and soil likely to include non-inert waste.
• UK Architectural Salvage industry salvages 3 m tonnes/year:
- Stone walling 1083 k tonnes
- Clay/Stone paving 672 k tonnes
- Clay bricks 443 k tonnes
- Timber 371 k tonnes
- Clay roof tiles 306 k tonnes
- Timber beams 133 k tonnes
- Floor boards 101 k tonnes
- Antique stone 90 k tonnes
- Iron & Steel 90 k tonnes
- Antique timber 29 k tonnes

CONSIDER:
• See and use the NGS Specification C20 additional clauses with the NBS C20 work section.
• The Demolition Protocol proposed by EnvironCentre, ICE and London Remade.
• Pre-demolition audit to identify useful materials for your project and for other projects by you or others.
• Post the pre-demolition audit on an appropriate website.
• Accommodate visitors and allow for advance reservation or order of materials.
• Enabling works usually means demolition and ground works.
• Avoid separation of the works - it ensures that any on site resources are not likely to be made use of and no advantage can be made of the value of the materials that exist by the main contract.
• Consider subdivision of the enabling works contract to any of the following which may be applicable:
- Soft strip of: furniture, equipment, services and finishes.
- Dismantling of the building in order to retrieve any reusable, salvageable, or recyclable materials.
- Removal of any materials which will be classed as contamination and diminish the usefulness or value of the demolition materials for reuse as hardcore or recycled aggregate for concrete
- Demolition of structure and any remaining fabric.
• On site crushing of concrete structures before export to recycling operations.
• Soft strip first to remove any materials or installations for Architectural Salvage or reuse.
• Salvage materials, separate, clean and place on pallets and label.
• Separate out old from less old or alien materials.

• CONSIDER separating out materials from different elevations for reuse in same orientation (frost exposure):
- Move to safe secure suitable place for storage for reuse.
- Move to salvage yards.
• Dismantle to reclaim more materials.
• Store and protect appropriately or arrange for collection as dismantling occurs, straight onto transport.
• Carry out alteration work (300 mm. zone between retained and demolished).
• Protect existing soft and hard landscape from vehicles, plant and materials.
• Provide separate skips for all materials.
• Segregate all materials.
• Identify any defective materials and set aside for disposal, destruction, burning on or off site.
• Determine Employer's requirements about burning on site.
• Remove foreign objects from salvaged materials.

• CONSIDER materials for use in new works, e.g.:
- Concrete framed building for crushing for aggregate.
- Softwood roof timbers for use in timber studwork.
- Allow employer to salvage any materials for reuse within estate.
- Salvage inspection chamber covers and frames for reuse.
- Grub up brickwork inspection chamber and ground floor and foundations and reduce for hardcore.

C21 Toxic/Hazardous material removal

• Since July 2005 'Special Waste' is now called 'Hazardous Waste'.
• More waste is classed as Hazardous Waste than was classed as Special Waste: examples of 'new' Hazardous Wastes include:
- asbestos;
- lead-acid batteries;
-electrical equipment containing hazardous components such as cathode ray tubes (eg televisions);
-oily sludges;
-solvents;
-fluorescent light tubes;
-chemical wastes; and
- pesticides.
• The European Waste Catalogue (EWC) lists all wastes, grouped according to generic industry or process. Each waste type is allocated a six-digit code.
• A waste is hazardous if it is classified as such in the EWC. Hazardous Wastes are identified in the EWC with an asterisk (*).
• Some wastes are classed as hazardous outright. Other wastes require separate assessment to determine whether they are hazardous or not, depending on the amount of dangerous substances present above threshold concentrations.
• The Environmental Regulators have produced guidance to help you determine if your waste is hazardous. Technical Guidance document WM2 contains a consolidated version of the EWC and provides advice on the classification and assessment of Hazardous Waste.

• There are far fewer sites dealing with hazardous waste than prior to 2005. Transportation of waste is now an important factor.

C30 Shoring/facade retention

CONSIDER:
• Once connection plates and angles are removed the sections are back to normal except for the bolt holes.
- Reclaimed they can be reused as structural steel framing for new buildings, by drilling for now bolt holes, disregarding existing bolt holes unless they co-inside with the new positions.
- Blast cleaned and primed they are ready to use again.

• Steelwork is commonly used to support facades and after the project, it is dismantled carefully and removed.
• Because it is purpose made for the particular building it is thought unusable for most other purposes.

C40 Cleaning masonry/concrete

CONSIDER:
• Electricity Supply: ensure all sites are required to use a Green Tariff electricity supply throughout the works, commissioning and testing period and hand over the building to the Employer (Client) with the same Green Tariff electricity supply

C41 Repairing/Renovating/Conserving masonry

CONSIDER:
• In the UK we make 3 million bricks each year.
• Salvage sound materials from unsound construction.
• Local stone, processed locally.
• Repairs with salvaged existing bricks.
• Mortar repairs with salvaged lime mortar and bricks or stone dust reworked.
• Rebuilding walls which are bulging or leaning using sound bricks and stone.

AVOID:
• Throwing away apparently unsound construction if the materials are sound and can be reused (the UK throws away 2 million bricks each year).
• Imported stone (embodied energy cost).

C51 Repairing/Renovating/Conserving timber

CONSIDER:
• Reuse of redundant but healthy timbers in a new function elsewhere on the site.
• Replacement of inappropriate timber species with durable or stronger species.
• Repair timbers insitu.
• Flitch plates and new timbers in place of existing.
• Evidence of infestation (flight holes) is probably indicating no infestation now and no need for action now.
DO
• Check for cause of rot or infestation and correct it before anything else.
• Fixed water leaks will lead to dry conditions and may reduce humidity too, the rot will probably die off.
• Remove timbers with wet or dry rot.
• If you repair the wood and fail to fix the leak the rot will return.

AVOID:
• Removing excess healthy materials beyond insect action and wet or dry rot.

C52 Fungus/Beetle eradication

CONSIDER:
• Evidence of infestation (flight holes) is probably indicating no infestation now and no need for action.
• Reuse of redundant but healthy timbers in a new function elsewhere on the site.
• Replace inappropriate timber species with durable or stronger species.
• Repair timbers insitu .

AVOID:
• Removing excess healthy materials beyond insect action and wet or dry rot.

C53 Toxic/Hazardous material removal

• 1 m tonnes (1% of 90 m tonnes/year) of waste is hazardous
• Since July 2005 'Special Waste' is now called 'Hazardous Waste'.
• More waste is classed as Hazardous Waste than was classed as Special Waste: examples of 'new' Hazardous Wastes include:
- asbestos;
- lead-acid batteries;
-electrical equipment containing hazardous components such as cathode ray tubes (eg televisions);
-oily sludges;
-solvents;
- paint and paint cans
-fluorescent light tubes;
-chemical wastes; and
- pesticides.
- Pre-1975 Artex contains asbestos
• The European Waste Catalogue (EWC) lists all wastes, grouped according to generic industry or process. Each waste type is allocated a six-digit code.
• A waste is hazardous if it is classified as such in the EWC. Hazardous Wastes are identified in the EWC with an asterisk (*).
• Some wastes are classed as hazardous outright. Other wastes require separate assessment to determine whether they are hazardous or not, depending on the amount of dangerous substances present above threshold concentrations.
• The Environmental Regulators have produced guidance to help you determine if your waste is hazardous. Technical Guidance document WM2 contains a consolidated version of the EWC and provides advice on the classification and assessment of Hazardous Waste.

• There are far fewer sites dealing with hazardous waste than prior to 2005. Transportation of waste is now an important factor.

C90 Alterations - spot items

CONSIDER:
• Carrying out alteration work (300 mm. zone between retained and demolished)
Soft strip of: furniture, equipment, services and finishes.
- Dismantling of the building in order to retrieve any reusable, salvageable, or recyclable materials.
- Removal of any materials which will be classed as contamination and diminish the usefulness or value of the demolition materials for reuse as hardcore or recycled aggregate for concrete
- Demolition of structure and any remaining fabric.
• On site crushing of concrete structures before export to recycling operations.
• Soft stripping first to remove any materials or installations for Architectural Salvage or reuse.
• Salvaging materials, separate, clean and place on pallets and label.
• Separating out old from less old or alien materials.

C Existing Site/Buildings/Services

Contents

C10 Site survey

C11 Ground investigation

C12 Underground services survey

C13 Building fabric survey

C14 Building services survey

C20 Demolishing structures

C21 Toxic/Hazardous material removal

C30 Shoring/facade retention

C40 Cleaning masonry/concrete

C41 Repairing/Renovating/Conserving masonry

C51 Repairing/Renovating/Conserving timber

C52 Fungus/Beetle eradication

C53 Toxic/Hazardous material removal

C90 Alterations - spot items